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Introduction The concept of “procedure established by law“ is a fundamental principle in the legal and constitutional framework of many democratic nations. It plays a crucial role in ensuring that state actions, particularly those that affect individual human rights, are conducted within the framework of predefined legal procedures. This doctrine emphasizes that a law duly […]

1. Trump’s 2025 Return President Donald Trump’s return to the U.S. presidency in 2025 has largely affected the global politics. In his new term, Trump has swiftly reasserted his “America First” doctrine, reshaping U.S. foreign policy in ways that are reverberating across major world powers. Allies and adversaries alike are scrambling to respond to Washington’s

1. India’s Foreign Policy Indian foreign policy from 2015 to 2025 has seen a remarkable transformation, elevating the country’s stature on the world stage. Backed by a growing economy and proactive leadership, New Delhi has projected an ambition to be a leading power globally. In this decade, India engaged deeply with major powers and forged

Indian National Movement and Human Rights Indian National Movement (1857–1947) was not only a political fight against colonial rule but also a battle for basic human rights and dignity. Under British rule, Indians faced systemic discrimination, economic exploitation, and suppression of fundamental freedoms. The national movement that arose sought to secure rights like liberty, equality,

Impact of Millennium Development Goals The Impact of Millennium Development Goals is lasting on the landscape of global development. Beyond the numbers, the 8 MDGs fundamentally changed how the world approaches development challenges. Here are some of the broader impacts of the MDG era: 1. A Unified Global Framework  The 8 MDGs provided, for the

1. Introduction The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were a landmark global initiative launched by the United Nations in 2000 to address some of the world’s most pressing challenges, including poverty, education, gender equality, health, and environmental sustainability. With a target year of 2015, these eight goals aimed to create a more equitable and prosperous world

1. Introduction The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were eight global objectives established by the United Nations in 2000 to tackle poverty, education, gender equality, health, and environmental sustainability. Aimed at improving global living conditions by 2015, the MDGs laid the foundation for sustainable development and were later succeeded by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). At

Different Types of Government Governments play a fundamental role in shaping societies, ensuring order, and providing essential services to citizens. The structure and functioning of a government define how power is distributed, who holds authority, and how decisions are made within a state. Throughout history, different types of governments have evolved, each reflecting unique political

1. Forms of Democracy Democracy (from the Greek dēmos, “people,” and kratos, “rule”) is a system of government in which power is vested in the people. In a democracy, the authority of the state is derived from the collective will of its citizens, either exercised directly by the people or through their freely elected representatives.

Democracy and Human Rights Democracy and human rights are closely interconnected and mutually supportive. Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person – such as the right to life, liberty, equality, freedom of expression, and protection from abuse. In a true democracy, these rights are both protected by the government

1. Introduction Democracy is one of the most widely recognized forms of government in the world today. The term itself comes from ancient Greek and means “rule by the people.” In a democratic system, ordinary citizens have a say in how they are governed, either directly or through elected representatives. This article will explore the