Introduction The Indian Constitution is a living document that guarantees Fundamental Rights to its citizens, ensuring freedom, equality, and justice. However, it also recognizes that rights come with responsibilities. To maintain the unity, integrity, and dignity of the nation, citizens must not only enjoy their rights but also fulfill their moral and civic obligations. This […]
Introduction Human rights in modern times are at the very heart of global conversations on dignity, freedom, equality, and justice. They serve as the moral and legal framework that defines how individuals should be treated by governments, societies, and even private actors. While the concept of human rights can be traced back to ancient philosophies,
Introduction The Human Right to Freedom of Religion is one of the most fundamental rights recognized in modern democracies and human rights instruments. It upholds each person’s freedom to choose, practice, change, or abstain from religious belief without coercion or discrimination. As societies become more pluralistic, the Right to Freedom of Religion acts as a
The Right to Freedom of Religion: Global Significance, Laws, and Future Challenges Read More »
Introduction The rights of people to exist is one of the most profound and universal principles in human civilization. It lies at the intersection of individual human rights and collective rights of communities or states, encompassing moral, philosophical, and legal dimensions. On one hand, it affirms every individual’s inherent right to life, dignity, and identity.
Introduction Human rights have traditionally focused on tangible and visible violations—torture, imprisonment, censorship, and discrimination. However, as societies evolve and the understanding of psychological well-being deepens, there is a growing recognition that mental peace and freedom from emotional abuse must also be enshrined as fundamental human rights. Emotional abuse, while less visible than physical violence,
1. Introduction Minority rights have evolved as a crucial component of international human rights law. They seek to ensure that individuals who belong to minority groups are not marginalized, discriminated against, or denied opportunities to preserve their distinct cultural, religious, linguistic, and ethnic identities. The evolution of minority rights reflects the transition from a state-centric
Minority Rights in International Law: A Comprehensive Overview Read More »
Introduction The International Criminal Court (ICC) is the first permanent international tribunal created to investigate and prosecute individuals for the most serious crimes under international law: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. Established by the Rome Statute in 1998 and operational from July 1, 2002, it represents a historic milestone
International Criminal Court and the International Criminal Justice Read More »
1. Introduction The term “genocide” denotes one of the most heinous crimes against humanity. The United Nations Genocide Convention, formally the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, marks a defining moment in international law. As the first human rights treaty passed by the UN General Assembly, it sets clear obligations
Genocide: Legal Definition, The Genocide Convention & Global Responsibility Read More »
Introduction The establishment of the United Nations in 1945 marked a transformative moment in the history of international law and diplomacy. Emerging from the devastation of the Second World War, the UN Charter was designed as a framework to promote peace, prevent conflict, and uphold international cooperation. Among its many provisions, Article 51 of the
Introduction The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights—commonly referred to as the Banjul Charter—stands as a landmark legal instrument that defines the contours of human rights within Africa. Adopted on June 27, 1981, by the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and coming into force on October 21, 1986, the African Charter on Human Rights
African Charter on Human Rights: A Continental Commitment to Dignity and Justice Read More »
India’s Foreign Policy Foreign policy is the framework through which a nation engages with the rest of the world. It reflects a country’s national interests, values, and objectives and dictates how it interacts with other countries and international institutions. Broadly, foreign policy encompasses diplomacy, economic engagement, defense cooperation, cultural exchanges, and strategic alliances. It is
India’s Foreign Policy in the 21st Century: From Soft Power to Strategic Assertiveness Read More »
India-US Relations India and the United States, two of the most influential democracies in the world, have traversed a long and complex path to reach the stage of a robust strategic partnership. While one is the oldest democracy and the other the largest, the evolution of their bilateral relations reflects the growing convergence of political