Article 21 of Indian Constitution is one of the most important and powerful fundamental rights that protects the life and liberty of every person living in India. It simply means that no one can be deprived of their life or personal freedom unless the law allows it through a fair and just procedure. In easy […]
Article 21 of Indian Constitution — Right to Life & Personal Liberty Explained Read More »
Article 19 of Indian Constitution Article 19 of Indian Constitution is one of the most important pillars of Indian democracy. It comes under the broader Right to Freedom and protects every citizen’s personal liberty through six fundamental freedoms — the freedom of speech and expression, to assemble peacefully, to form associations, to move freely, to
Article 19 of Indian Constitution: Right to Freedom and Personal Liberty Read More »
Introduction The Indian Constitution is a living document that guarantees Fundamental Rights to its citizens, ensuring freedom, equality, and justice. However, it also recognizes that rights come with responsibilities. To maintain the unity, integrity, and dignity of the nation, citizens must not only enjoy their rights but also fulfill their moral and civic obligations. This
Introduction Human rights in modern times are at the very heart of global conversations on dignity, freedom, equality, and justice. They serve as the moral and legal framework that defines how individuals should be treated by governments, societies, and even private actors. While the concept of human rights can be traced back to ancient philosophies,
Introduction The Human Right to Freedom of Religion is one of the most fundamental rights recognized in modern democracies and human rights instruments. It upholds each person’s freedom to choose, practice, change, or abstain from religious belief without coercion or discrimination. As societies become more pluralistic, the Right to Freedom of Religion acts as a
The Right to Freedom of Religion: Global Significance, Laws, and Future Challenges Read More »
Introduction The rights of people to exist is one of the most profound and universal principles in human civilization. It lies at the intersection of individual human rights and collective rights of communities or states, encompassing moral, philosophical, and legal dimensions. On one hand, it affirms every individual’s inherent right to life, dignity, and identity.
Introduction Human rights have traditionally focused on tangible and visible violations—torture, imprisonment, censorship, and discrimination. However, as societies evolve and the understanding of psychological well-being deepens, there is a growing recognition that mental peace and freedom from emotional abuse must also be enshrined as fundamental human rights. Emotional abuse, while less visible than physical violence,
1. Introduction Minority rights have evolved as a crucial component of international human rights law. They seek to ensure that individuals who belong to minority groups are not marginalized, discriminated against, or denied opportunities to preserve their distinct cultural, religious, linguistic, and ethnic identities. The evolution of minority rights reflects the transition from a state-centric
Minority Rights in International Law: A Comprehensive Overview Read More »
Introduction The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights—commonly referred to as the Banjul Charter—stands as a landmark legal instrument that defines the contours of human rights within Africa. Adopted on June 27, 1981, by the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and coming into force on October 21, 1986, the African Charter on Human Rights
African Charter on Human Rights: A Continental Commitment to Dignity and Justice Read More »
India’s Foreign Policy Foreign policy is the framework through which a nation engages with the rest of the world. It reflects a country’s national interests, values, and objectives and dictates how it interacts with other countries and international institutions. Broadly, foreign policy encompasses diplomacy, economic engagement, defense cooperation, cultural exchanges, and strategic alliances. It is
India’s Foreign Policy in the 21st Century: From Soft Power to Strategic Assertiveness Read More »
India-US Relations India and the United States, two of the most influential democracies in the world, have traversed a long and complex path to reach the stage of a robust strategic partnership. While one is the oldest democracy and the other the largest, the evolution of their bilateral relations reflects the growing convergence of political
The India-Pakistan ceasefires stand significant in international relations, highlighting the fragile peace between two nuclear-armed states and underscoring the urgent global stakes of conflict de-escalation in South Asia. The history of India-Pakistan relations has been marked by recurring cycles of conflict and temporary peace. Since the partition of British India in 1947, both nations have
The Fragile Peace: A History of India Pakistan Ceasefires (1947-2025) Read More »